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Lesson 1 Goal: Illustrates major sound differences between Lhasa and Amdo-Rebkong dialects by giving the International Phonetic Alphabet. Previous knowledge of Lhasa Tibetan is presumed to understand differences. |
 Map of Amdo Region of Tibet courtesy of Andreas Gruschke |
Changes in Sound for Isolated Consonants
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| བ་མོ། | wamo | cow |
| བ་གླང་། | walaŋ | bull |
| བོད། | wot | Tibet |
| བོད་ཡིག | woljik | Tibetan language |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| ཝ་མོ། | ɣwa ɣwamo | fox |
| ཝ་ཞྭ། | ɣwaʑa | fur hat |
| ཝ་ཆུ། | ɣwaŋtɕhɘ | gutter |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| ཤྭ་བ། | xhawa | deer |
| ཤ | xha | meat |
| ཤེས་རབ། | xɕerap | wisdom |
| ཤེས་རིག | xɕerix | education |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
Vowelsདབྱངས།
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| གི་གུ | kɘɣɘ | |
| མི། | mɘ | person, people |
| རི། | rɘ | mountain |
| རིང་བོ། | raŋwo | long |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| ཞབས་ཀྱུ། | ɕapcɕɘ | |
| ཆུ། | tɕhɘ | water |
| ཆུང་ཆུང་། | tɕuŋtɕuŋ | small |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| འགྲེང་བུ། | (n)dʐaŋwə | |
| ཁེངས། | khaŋ | full |
| ཁེག | khax | to be blocked, to refute |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| ན་རོ། | naro | |
| ཟོ། | so | eat |
| རོང་བ། | ruŋwa | valley |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
Prefixesསྔོན་འཇུག
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| དཔའ་བོ། | xwawo | hero |
| དཔེ་ཆ། | xwɘ‿itɕha | book, pecha |
| དཔེར་བརྗོད། | xwerdʐø | example |
| དཔུང་བ། | xuŋwa | shoulder |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| དབུ་མ། | ɣwɘma | Madhyamika |
| དབུ། | ɣwɵ | head |
| དབུས | ɣwɘi | center |
| དབུ་མཁྱོངས། | ɣwɵmtɕhuŋ | name for a symbol used at the beginning of Tibetan texts |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| གཞན་པ། | ʑenpa | other, others |
| གཞུང་། | ʑuŋ | text, government |
| གཞུང་ལམ། | ʑuŋlam | main road |
| གཞི་མ | ʑɪma | basis |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| བཞི། | (b)ʑə | four |
| བཞག | (b)ʑax | to place, set |
| བཞུགས། | (b)ʑɪx | to dwell, reside |
| བཞད་མོ། | (b)ʑe(l)mo | laugh |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| གཟུགས། | (h)zɘx (zɪk) | form, body |
| གཟིག | (h)zɘx (zɪk) | leopard |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
Suffixesརྗེས་འཇུག
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| སྟག | (h)tax | tiger |
| རྒྱག | (r)gjax | to hit |
| བརྩེགས། | (r)tsax | to stack |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| རིང་། | raŋ | long |
| རུང་། | ruŋ | suitable |
| མྱིང་། | ŋaŋ | name |
| ཆུང་ཆུང་། | tɕhuŋ | small |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| གར། | kar | an encampment |
| གཡར། | əjar | to lend, loan |
| བཅར། | tɕar | close (of relationships) |
| མཁར། | khar | citadel, tower |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
subscript yaཡ་བཏགས།
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| དཔྱིད་ཀ | ɕɪkha | spring |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| ཕྱི་རོལ། | ɕɘrol | outside, external |
| ཤར་ཕྱོགས། | xharɕox | south |
| ནུབ་ཕྱོགས། | nɘpɕox | west |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| བྱ་བ། | ɕawa | work |
| བྱིས་པ། | ɕiwa | child |
| བྱང་ཕྱོགས། | ɕaŋɕox | north |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| སྐྲ། | (h)cɕa | hair |
| སྐྲག | (h)cɕax | fear, dread |
| བཀྲུས། | ci | to wash |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| ཁྲ་ཁྲ། | cɕhacɕha | multicolored |
| ཁྲག | cɕhax | blood |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| གྲི | cɕɘ | knife |
| གྲོག་མ། | cɕoŋma | ant |
| གྲིབ་མ། | cɕɘmma | shadow |
| སྒྲུང། | (ə)ɟʑuŋ | tale, story |
| བྱ་སྒྲ། | ɕahɟʑo | feather |
| སྒྲོག | (h)ɟʑox | proclaim |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
m sound sometimes changes to a ny-soundམའི་མིང་གཞི་ཅན་ལ་མྱའི་སྒྲ་ཐོན་པ།
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| མིང། | ɲaŋ | name |
| མེ། | ɲe | fire |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||
subscript ra changes s sound to a sh-soundསྲ་ལ་ཧྲ་ཡི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ། །
| Tibetan | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| སྲན་མ། | ʂenma | bean, pod |
| སྲུང་འཁོར། | ʂuŋkhur | protection circle |
| སྲམ། | ʂam | otter |
| Audio Hyperlink | ||