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<!---
	Instructional Unit by Nicole Willock, June, 2005
		============  THIS VERSION: June 22nd, Lessons 1 & 2 only  =================
	Mark-up structured by Christopher E. Walker
	Editor used: BABELPAD 1.7.1 (XTASHI Tibetan Unicode font, size 20)
		as well as Dreamweaver 2004 MX
-->

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<!DOCTYPE instructionalUnit [
	<!ELEMENT instructionalUnit (lesson+)>
	<!ELEMENT lesson (lessonTitle, tibetanTitle, rootPicture, rootPictureIcon)>
	<!ATTLIST lesson number CDATA #REQUIRED>
	<!ELEMENT lessonTitle (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT tibetanTitle (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT rootPicture (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT rootPictureIcon (#PCDATA)>
]> -->

<instructionalUnit title="A Week in Rebkong, Amdo"
	goal="Inspired by the University of Minnesota's Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition's Less Commonly Taugt Languages Projects, The Virtual Audio-Video Archives and Virtual Picture Albums, the learning module A Week in Rebkong is intended for learners already familiar with the Tibetan alphabet and basic vocabulary in Lhasa Tibetan. It is a condensed and modified version of an Amdo class taught by Gedun Rabsal at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. "
	comments="We welcome your feedback so that we can improve this learning module for Amdo. Please e-mail your comments to: amdo[the-at-sign]bloomington.in.us. This learning module was prepared and coordinated by Nicole Willock, but was a team effort. It wouldn't have been possible without the scholarship of Gedun Rabsal, the technical expertise of Christopher Walker, the linguistic input of Indrek Pari, and the technical support of Indiana University's Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region (CeLCAR).">
<lesson number="1">
	<lessonTibetan>སློབ་ཚན་དང་པོ་།</lessonTibetan>
	<rootPicture>mapOfEasternTibet.jpg</rootPicture>
	<rootPictureCaption>Map of Amdo Region of Tibet courtesy of Andreas Gruschke</rootPictureCaption>
	<lessonGoal>Illustrates major sound differences between Lhasa and Amdo-Rebkong dialects by giving the International Phonetic Alphabet. Previous knowledge of Lhasa Tibetan is presumed to understand differences. </lessonGoal>
	<idiom></idiom>
	
	<termsChanges>
		<soundChangeCategory title="Changes in Sound for Isolated Consonants" number="1">
			<soundChange what="wa" whatTib="བ།" number="1">
				<term>
					<termIpa>wamo</termIpa>
					<termTib>བ་མོ།</termTib>
					<termEng>cow</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>walaŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>བ་གླང་།</termTib>
					<termEng>bull</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>wot</termIpa>
					<termTib>བོད།</termTib>
					<termEng>Tibet</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>woljik</termIpa>
					<termTib>བོད་ཡིག</termTib>
					<termEng>Tibetan language</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			
			<soundChange what="wa" whatTib="ཝ་" number="2">
					
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɣwa	ɣwamo</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཝ་མོ།</termTib>
					<termEng>fox</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɣwaʑa</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཝ་ཞྭ།</termTib>
					<termEng>fur hat</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɣwaŋtɕhɘ</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཝ་ཆུ།</termTib>
					<termEng>gutter</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			
			<soundChange what="xha" whatTib="ཤ།" number="3">
				<term>    
					<termIpa>xhawa</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཤྭ་བ།</termTib>
					<termEng>deer</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>xha</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཤ</termTib>
					<termEng>meat</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>xɕerap</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཤེས་རབ།</termTib>
					<termEng>wisdom</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>xɕerix</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཤེས་རིག</termTib>
					<termEng>education</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>				      
		</soundChangeCategory>
		
		<soundChangeCategory title="Vowels དབྱངས།" number="2">
			<soundChange what="ɘ" whatTib="ཨི།" number="1">
				<term>
					<termIpa>kɘɣɘ</termIpa>
					<termTib>གི་གུ</termTib>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>mɘ</termIpa>
					<termTib>མི།</termTib>
					<termEng>person, people</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>rɘ</termIpa>
					<termTib>རི།</termTib>
					<termEng>mountain</termEng>
					
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>raŋwo</termIpa>
					<termTib>རིང་བོ།</termTib>
					<termEng>long</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>	
			<soundChange what="ɘ" whatTib="ཨུ།" number="2">
				<term>	
					<termIpa>ɕapcɕɘ</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཞབས་ཀྱུ།</termTib>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>tɕhɘ</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཆུ།</termTib>
					<termEng>water</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>tɕuŋtɕuŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཆུང་ཆུང་།</termTib>
					<termEng>small</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="e" whatTib="ཨེ།" number="3">
				<term>
					<termIpa>(n)dʐaŋwə</termIpa>
					<termTib>འགྲེང་བུ།</termTib>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>khaŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཁེངས།</termTib>
					<termEng>full</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>khax</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཁེག</termTib>
					<termEng>to be blocked, to refute</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="o" whatTib="ཨོ།" number="4">
				<term>	
					<termIpa>naro</termIpa>
					<termTib>ན་རོ།</termTib>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>so</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཟོ།</termTib>
					<termEng>eat</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ruŋwa</termIpa>
					<termTib>རོང་བ།</termTib>
					<termEng>valley</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
		</soundChangeCategory>
		
		<soundChangeCategory title="Prefixes སྔོན་འཇུག" number="3">
			<soundChange what="xwa" whatTib="དཔ་་" number="1">				
				
				<term>
					<termIpa>xwawo</termIpa>
					<termTib>དཔའ་བོ།</termTib>
					<termEng>hero</termEng>

				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>xwɘ‿itɕha</termIpa>
					<termTib>དཔེ་ཆ།</termTib>
					<termEng>book, pecha</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>xwerdʐø</termIpa>
					<termTib>དཔེར་བརྗོད།</termTib>
					<termEng>example</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>xuŋwa</termIpa>
					<termTib>དཔུང་བ།</termTib>
					<termEng>shoulder</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>			
			<soundChange what="ɣwa" whatTib="དབ་་་" number="2">
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɣwɘma</termIpa>
					<termTib>དབུ་མ།</termTib>
					<termEng>Madhyamika</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɣwɵ</termIpa>
					<termTib>དབུ།</termTib>
					<termEng>head</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɣwɘi</termIpa>
					<termTib>དབུས</termTib>
					<termEng>center</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɣwɵmtɕhuŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>དབུ་མཁྱོངས། </termTib>
					<termEng>name for a symbol used at the beginning of Tibetan texts</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="kapʑa" whatTib="གཞ" number="3">
				<term>
					<termIpa>ʑenpa</termIpa>
					<termTib>གཞན་པ།</termTib>
					<termEng>other, others</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ʑuŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>གཞུང་།</termTib>
					<termEng>text, government</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ʑuŋlam</termIpa>
					<termTib>གཞུང་ལམ།</termTib>
					<termEng>main road</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ʑɪma</termIpa>
					<termTib>གཞི་མ</termTib>
					<termEng>basis</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			
			<soundChange what="(b)ʑa" whatTib="བཞ་་་" number="4">
				<term>   
					<termIpa>(b)ʑə</termIpa>
					<termTib>བཞི།</termTib>
					<termEng>four</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>(b)ʑax</termIpa>
					<termTib>བཞག</termTib>
					<termEng>to place, set</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>(b)ʑɪx</termIpa>
					<termTib>བཞུགས།</termTib>
					<termEng>to dwell, reside</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>(b)ʑe(l)mo</termIpa>
					<termTib>བཞད་མོ།</termTib>
					<termEng>laugh</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="(h)za" whatTib="གཟ་་་" number="5">
				<term>
					<termIpa>(h)zɘx (zɪk)</termIpa>
					<termTib>གཟུགས།</termTib>
					<termEng>form, body</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>(h)zɘx (zɪk)	</termIpa>
					<termTib>གཟིག</termTib>
					<termEng>leopard</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
		</soundChangeCategory>
	
		<soundChangeCategory title="Suffixes	རྗེས་འཇུག" number="4">
			<soundChange what="ka" whatTib="ག" number="1">
				<term>				
					<termIpa>(h)tax</termIpa>
					<termTib>སྟག</termTib>
					<termEng>tiger</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>(r)gjax</termIpa>
					<termTib>རྒྱག</termTib>
					<termEng>to hit</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>(r)tsax</termIpa>
					<termTib>བརྩེགས།</termTib>
					<termEng>to stack</termEng>
				</term>				
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="ŋa" whatTib="ང་" number="2">
				<term>
					<termIpa>raŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>རིང་།</termTib>
					<termEng>long</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ruŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>རུང་།</termTib>
					<termEng>suitable</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ŋaŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>མྱིང་།</termTib>
					<termEng>name</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>tɕhuŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཆུང་ཆུང་།</termTib>
					<termEng>small</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="ra" whatTib="ར་" number="3">
				<term>
					<termIpa>kar</termIpa>
					<termTib>གར།</termTib>
					<termEng>an encampment</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>əjar</termIpa>
					<termTib>གཡར།</termTib>
					<termEng>to lend, loan</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>tɕar</termIpa>
					<termTib>བཅར།</termTib>
					<termEng>close (of relationships)</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>khar</termIpa>
					<termTib>མཁར།</termTib>
					<termEng>citadel, tower</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
		</soundChangeCategory>
		<soundChangeCategory title="subscript ya	ཡ་བཏགས།" number="5">
			<soundChange what="pa + ya subscript" whatTib="པྱ" number="1">
   				<term>				
					<termIpa>ɕɪkha</termIpa>
					<termTib>དཔྱིད་ཀ</termTib>
					<termEng>spring</termEng>
				</term>				
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="pha + ya subscript" whatTib="ཕྱ" number="2">
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɕɘrol</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཕྱི་རོལ།</termTib>
					<termEng>outside, external</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>xharɕox</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཤར་ཕྱོགས།</termTib>
					<termEng>south</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>nɘpɕox</termIpa>
					<termTib>ནུབ་ཕྱོགས།</termTib>
					<termEng>west</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="ba + ya subscript" whatTib="བྱ" number="3">
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɕawa</termIpa>
					<termTib>བྱ་བ།</termTib>
					<termEng>work</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɕiwa</termIpa>
					<termTib>བྱིས་པ།</termTib>
					<termEng>child</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɕaŋɕox</termIpa>
					<termTib>བྱང་ཕྱོགས།</termTib>
					<termEng>north</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
		</soundChangeCategory>
		<soundChangeCategory title="subscript ra changes to a subscript ya sound for ka, kha, ga  ཁ་སྐད་ནང་འདོགས་ཅན་གྱི་ར་དང་ཡ་ལ་དོ་སྣང་དགོས་པ།  འདི་མིང་གཞི་ ཀ་ཁ་ག་ གསུམ་ཡོད།" number="6">
			<soundChange what="ka + ra subscript" whatTib="ཀ་ + ར་བཏགས་" number="1">
   				<term>					
					<termIpa>(h)cɕa</termIpa>
					<termTib>སྐྲ།</termTib>
					<termEng>hair</termEng>
				</term>				
				<term>
					<termIpa>(h)cɕax</termIpa>
					<termTib>སྐྲག</termTib>
					<termEng>fear, dread</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ci</termIpa>
					<termTib>བཀྲུས།</termTib>
					<termEng>to wash</termEng>
				</term>
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="kha + ra subscript" whatTib="ཁ་+ར་བཏགས་" number="2">
				<term>
					<termIpa>cɕhacɕha</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཁྲ་ཁྲ།</termTib>
					<termEng>multicolored</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>cɕhax</termIpa>
					<termTib>ཁྲག</termTib>
					<termEng>blood</termEng>
				</term>				
			</soundChange>
			<soundChange what="ga + ra subscript" whatTib="་ག+ར་བཏགས་" number="3">			
				<term>	
					<termIpa>cɕɘ	</termIpa>
					<termTib>གྲི</termTib>
					<termEng>knife</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>cɕoŋma</termIpa>
					<termTib>གྲོག་མ།</termTib>
					<termEng>ant</termEng>
				</term>				
				<term>
					<termIpa>cɕɘmma</termIpa>
					<termTib>གྲིབ་མ།</termTib>
					<termEng>shadow</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>(ə)ɟʑuŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>སྒྲུང།</termTib>
					<termEng>tale, story</termEng>
				</term>				
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɕahɟʑo</termIpa>
					<termTib>བྱ་སྒྲ།</termTib>
					<termEng>feather</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>(h)ɟʑox</termIpa>
					<termTib>སྒྲོག</termTib>
					<termEng>proclaim</termEng>
				</term>				
			</soundChange>
		</soundChangeCategory>
		<soundChangeCategory title="m sound sometimes changes to a ny-sound  མའི་མིང་གཞི་ཅན་ལ་མྱའི་སྒྲ་ཐོན་པ།" number="7">
			<soundChange what="nye" whatTib="མ་" number="1">
   				<term>				
					<termIpa>ɲaŋ</termIpa>
					<termTib>མིང།</termTib>
					<termEng>name</termEng>
				</term>				
				<term>
					<termIpa>ɲe</termIpa>
					<termTib>མེ།</termTib>
					<termEng>fire</termEng>
				</term>
				</soundChange>
			</soundChangeCategory>
			<soundChangeCategory title="subscript ra changes s sound to a sh-sound སྲ་ལ་ཧྲ་ཡི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ། །" number="8">
			<soundChange what="sha" whatTib="སྲ་" number="1">
 				<term>				
					<termIpa>ʂenma</termIpa>
					<termTib>སྲན་མ།</termTib>
					<termEng>bean, pod</termEng>
				</term>				
				<term>
					<termIpa>ʂuŋkhur</termIpa>
					<termTib>སྲུང་འཁོར།</termTib>
					<termEng>protection circle</termEng>
				</term>
				<term>
					<termIpa>ʂam</termIpa>
					<termTib>སྲམ།</termTib>
					<termEng>otter</termEng>
				</term>
				</soundChange>
			</soundChangeCategory>
	</termsChanges>
</lesson>

</instructionalUnit>
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